Step 1 建立一個假設
你在進行顧客開發時要做的就是,全神貫注地測試一個或多個關於顧客目前想法和做法的假設。一開始你要先界定自己的假設,方法是詳細說明自己的初步假設,並釐清你想要服務的顧客類型。這件事不必花太多時間,但是記得要這麼做的團隊卻不多。
Step 1 Form a hypothesis
Everything you do in customer development is centered squarely on testing a hypothesis or hypotheses about what customers are thinking and doing. You start by identifying your assumptions, by articulating your initial hypothesis and by figuring out what type of customer you want to serve. This shouldn't take long but few teams remember to do it.
Step 2 找到可以交談的潛在顧客
一旦你建立了自己的假設,也就是開始和顧客交談的時候,這樣你才能驗證自己的假設。很明顯地,你交談的對象愈多,效果就愈好。一開始先尋找那些未來有可能變成自己最熱情顧客的人士――也就是你的「早期支持者」。
Step 2 Find potential customers to talk to
Once you have your hypothesis, it's time to start looking for customers to talk to so you can validate your hypothesis. Obviously, the more people you talk to, the better. Start out by looking for those who have the potential to become your most passionate customers in the future – your "earlyvangelists."
Step 3 向這些顧客提出適當的問題
你很容易為了顧客訪談做過多準備,提出太多問題。實際上,只要提出 5 個基本問題,你就能得到足敷所需的回饋。從這些問題開始,必要時再增加 1 到 2 個因人而異的問題。
Step 3 Ask those customers the right questions
It's easy to over prepare for customer interviews and to have pages of questions to ask. In practice, you'll generate as much feedback as you will ever need by asking five basic questions. Start with those and then add one or two custom questions if necessary.
Step 4 充分理解這些答案的意義
你的訪談會提供你驗證(或推翻)自己假設的初步材料。尋找並聆聽相關線索,確認顧客有某個問題 ,雖然已經試圖解決,但現存的解決方案卻無法切中要害。在經過 10 次左右的訪談後,應該就會出現一些有用的模式。當你不再聽到會讓自己吃驚的事物時,就可以停止訪談。
Step 4 Make sense of their answers
Your interviews give you the raw material for validating (or invalidating) your ypothesis. Look and listen for clues the customer confirms there is a problem, has tried to solve it already but the existing solutions don't hit the mark. After 10 or so interviews, there should be some useful patterns emerging. Stop interviewing when you stop hearing things that surprise you.
Step 5 釐清該製造什麼以便持續學習
一旦你驗證了自己的假設,接著就要設計一個最低限度可行產品,藉此讓自己繼續學習顧客想要的是什麼。把這個產品交到潛在顧客手裡,觀察他們的實際使用狀況。根據自己從最低限度可行產品學到的經驗,你就更了解完整規格的產品或服務應該具備及捨棄哪些功能。持續和你的顧客交談並善用他們的想法。
Step 5 Figure out what to build in order to keep learning
Once you validate your hypothesis, you then build a minimum viable product (MVP) so you can keep learning what customers want. Get that MVP into the hands of potential customers and see how they actually use it. Based on your MVP experience, you then have a much better idea of what features need to go into the full-strength product or service and which do not. Keep talking to your customers and using their ideas.
(更多精采內容請看《大師輕鬆讀》NO.552 找顧客一起邊改邊做)
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